This text gives students a strong foundation of computing early on in their coursework. The book is structured into two parts: (a) the underlying structure of a computer; and (b) programming in two high-level languages and programming methodology. Taking a bottom-up approach from foundational concepts, such as how a computer operates, to more high-level programming languages, it enables students to understand each concept while working through the text. Salient Features: 1. Updated coverage of LC-3 ISA, including a different set of instructions leading to a complete example of a computer program 2. Addition of C++ to cover the common core of C and C++ with focus on classes in C++ as an evolution from structures in C 3. Expanded coverage of topics such as floating-point data type and conversion of fractions, state, latches, flip-flops, finite, state machines, etc. 4. Introduction to stacks, queues, and character strings immediately after programming in machine language to help students write programs dealing with these data structures 5. Numerous reworked examples to use the latest ANSI Standard C or C18 6. Additional coding examples to further emphasize topics such as pointers, arrays, recursion, and pointers to pointers in C
