Echocardiography uses sound waves to examine the structure of the heart and its valves, giving information on the function and pumping action of the heart. It is used to diagnose and manage heart disease. This video manual brings trainee cardiologists and radiologists fully up to date with the latest developments in echocardiography, reflecting recent changes in technology and clinical use. Beginning with an introduction to imaging techniques – 2D, M-Mode, colour flow mapping, and spectral Doppler, the following sections present the application of these methods for imaging different valves. ‘Normal’ images are illustrated, as well as those of commonly encountered diseases, to help clinicians recognise signs and reach an accurate diagnosis. Key points Illustrative video manual presenting recent advances in echocardiographyDescribes key techniques – 2D, M-Mode, colour flow mapping and spectral DopplerCovers clinical application of imaging techniques for different valvesCompares ‘normal’ and disease conditions
